The Simulator of crop trait Assembly, MAnagement Response and Adaptation crop model

SAMARA was developed to study in-silico plant type (ideotype) concepts submitted to different climatic/soil environments and management practices. The originality of the model relies on (1) the integration of substantial morphological detail of plants organ cohorts (leaves, tillers, internodes), and (2) the partitioning of biomass to organs on the basis of inter-organ competition for a single assimilate pool. This chapter details the main characteristics of the model, its recent developments, and finally key applications to the Global South illustrating the strengths of the model to capture Genotype by Environment interactions.