Before Memmo my notes were scattered across PDFs. Now a workspace pulls everything into one place — I see exactly what's still left to study.
This is the first and leading comprehensive guide to security for costs in international arbitration, including commercial and investment arbitration, providing a text which will be the key resource for those considering, making and ruling on applications for security for costs. It is the first and only work to consider the 40+ factors informing the discretion to award security for costs.
The author begins with an introduction and description of the security of costs controversy in international arbitration, and then explains the developing approach of arbitral tribunals to applications for security for costs, with reference to decisions published by ICC and ASA, and statistics of LCIA and decisions of the UK courts when they had the power to grant security for costs in international arbitration. The book features an analysis of the reasons given for restricting security for costs in international commercial arbitration to ‘exceptional circumstances’ or similar. The author conveys discretionary factors taken into account by the courts and arbitral tribunals in considering applications for security for costs, special considerations for investor-state arbitrations, the correct approach to the exercise of the discretion, the manner of making and resisting applications, appropriate orders to be made on applications, and consequences of orders.
This book is written for all arbitration practitioners around the world, including arbitrators ruling on applications. The work would be incidentally useful to litigation practitioners as it necessarily considers applications for security for costs in litigation.
Before Memmo my notes were scattered across PDFs. Now a workspace pulls everything into one place — I see exactly what's still left to study.
Memmo's summaries are gold before exams. I don't have to re-read 800 pages two weeks before — just the important parts.
The AI chat has saved me the night before an exam more than once. I just keep asking until I get it — no waiting on a study group to reply.
The quizzes hit exactly what I need to know. Memmo tracks what I get stuck on — so I only practice what's worth it.
Flashcards with spaced repetition are magic. Memmo knows when I'm about to forget something and brings it back.
The AI podcasts are my favorite. I listen on my way to school and get a recap without sitting at a computer.
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