Før Memmo var notatene mine spredt overalt i PDF-er. Nå samler et arbeidsområde alt på ett sted – jeg ser akkurat hva som gjenstår å studere.
This book investigates the penal culture in France and Germany – how it is shaped in politics, media, and public opinion. Although compared with the US or the UK, France and Germany seem to place a strong emphasis on the ideal of rehabilitation that would block excessive punishment and other outcomes of punitive developments in society, there is a steady increase in punitiveness over time for which the term “strained restraint” is proposed. The book shows that the idea of penal moderation is deeply rooted in public opinion, politics, and the media and that it is renegotiated every day in a dynamic interplay between these spheres.
Punishment and society research has traditionally focused on the US and the UK. In comparative research, both are considered extreme in punitive developments with high rates of imprisonment and large groups of the population under penal control. The other extreme in comparative research would be Scandinavia with the famous Nordic Exceptionalism marked by low prison population rates. Germany and France are often considered to be “the same” when compared with each other, and “the other” with reference to both of these extremes. However, this book shows that France and Germany are far from being the same when it comes to state organization (centralistic vs. federal), criminal justice and the criminal law, political traditions, and the media. Also, research from both countries has looked at whether developments such as the “punitive turn” have occurred in Germany and France. Research focused on the domestic situation concludes that punitiveness is on the rise, and that both countries are indeed experiencing their own punitive turn.
How do we reconcile these contradictory findings? Why do these two seem to follow the path of penal moderation in the overall outcome of punishment in society when we look at comparative research? And how is it that from a domestic perspective, punitive attitudes and desires are leading to more punitiveness? By focusing on the meso level, with a comparative perspective on the two countries and a dynamic analytical approach, this book reconciles the fluidity of individual attitudes and opinions with the relative stability of societal discourse. The authors posit that penal moderation comes at a price: overall and in an internationally comparative perspective, there is penal moderation, but a closer look at the domestic situation and development reveals that it is nonetheless challenged by a slowly rising tide of punitiveness.
Going beyond the main tenets of punishment and society research with a dynamic analysis of two large societies in Europe, this book is ideal reading for scholars and students of penology, criminal justice, and European studies.
Før Memmo var notatene mine spredt overalt i PDF-er. Nå samler et arbeidsområde alt på ett sted – jeg ser akkurat hva som gjenstår å studere.
Memmos sammendrag er gull før eksamen. Jeg slipper å lese 800 sider to uker før – bare det viktigste.
AI-chatten har reddet meg kvelden før eksamen mer enn én gang. Jeg bare spør til jeg forstår – slipper å vente på svar i en studiegruppe.
Quizene treffer akkurat det jeg trenger å vite. Memmo holder styr på hva jeg sliter med – så jeg øver bare på det som er verdt det.
Flashcards med repetisjon over tid er magi. Memmo vet når jeg er i ferd med å glemme noe og viser det igjen.
AI-podkastene er min favoritt. Jeg lytter på vei til skolen og får en repetisjon uten å sitte foran en datamaskin.
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