Before Memmo my notes were scattered across PDFs. Now a workspace pulls everything into one place — I see exactly what's still left to study.
How corporations have increasingly embraced the sharing of knowledge as a competitive strategy
Innovation is more important than ever, yet breakthroughs are becoming harder to achieve. Modern technologies, from artificial intelligence and 5G networks to biotech, are so complex that they require collaboration across companies, industries, and countries. Increasingly, firms are discovering that sharing knowledge can be more powerful, and more profitable, than guarding it. In Rethinking Innovation, distinguished economists Josh Lerner and Jean Tirole examine ways that corporations have embraced the sharing of knowledge as a competitive strategy. Open-source software, for example, has seen multibillion-dollar public offerings and shifting business strategies, producing high-profile disputes over what openness actually entails. Across high-tech industries, new forms of knowledge-sharing are transforming how companies develop and exploit new technologies.
Lerner and Tirole explore three key organizational structures that make this collaboration possible: patent pools, which bundle essential patents and make them available to firms seeking to license them; standard-setting organizations, where companies agree on common technical templates and commit to making related patents available on fair terms; and open-source communities, in which users share innovations freely with others. Drawing on decades of pioneering research, Lerner and Tirole explain how these institutions emerged, how they work in practice, and how they can both promote innovation and create new challenges for competition and policy. Combining economic insight with vivid case studies—from early efforts to coordinate aircraft patents to contemporary battles over artificial intelligence and global technology standards—Rethinking Innovation reveals how firms collaborate to develop and commercialize complex technologies. Clear and accessible throughout, this book offers a guide to the forces reshaping modern innovation for managers, policymakers, and scholars.
Before Memmo my notes were scattered across PDFs. Now a workspace pulls everything into one place — I see exactly what's still left to study.
Memmo's summaries are gold before exams. I don't have to re-read 800 pages two weeks before — just the important parts.
The AI chat has saved me the night before an exam more than once. I just keep asking until I get it — no waiting on a study group to reply.
The quizzes hit exactly what I need to know. Memmo tracks what I get stuck on — so I only practice what's worth it.
Flashcards with spaced repetition are magic. Memmo knows when I'm about to forget something and brings it back.
The AI podcasts are my favorite. I listen on my way to school and get a recap without sitting at a computer.
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