Improving biodiversity in agricultural grassland systems

Biodiversity conservation is a rapidly advancing research area in sustainable grassland management. This chapter explores evidence-based approaches to enhance biodiversity on agricultural grasslands. The biodiversity value of these grasslands varies widely, primarily influenced by production-driven management intensity. The well-established mechanisms through which management affects grassland biodiversity are known for many taxa, particularly in European grasslands. Numerous documented pathways for maintaining and enhancing biodiversity on grasslands can be globally applied with context-specific adaptations for agricultural settings. A research-practice case demonstrates proven ecological benefits resulting from modified farm management, offering specific on-farm solutions and support to farmers. Recognizing the impact of expanding grassland-based production on biodiversity is essential. Inherent trade-offs between achieving various benefits, including biodiversity, and high yields necessitate systemic changes, such as dietary adjustments on the food system level. Integrated biodiversity research on grasslands has identified current and future research themes essential for sustainable practices.